Scorpion identification can be tricky as a result of highly technical identification keys requiring an intimate understanding of these animals. The subject of formal scorpion identification is beyond the scope of this book, however, there are practical ways to identify scorpions which are sufficient for effective first response. When looking at a scorpion, take note of the following:
Scorpions are not just found anywhere. They live in places that align to their lifestyles and where their prey can be found. The location of a scorpion plays a big role in identification.
Although scorpions adhere to the same general body plan, their size and shape differ greatly. Southern Africa is home to small species of only 16mm, as well as the longest scorpion in the world at 21cm in length. General size and shape align closely to the scorpions natural history.
Most scorpions are nocturnal, therefore colouration is not as important in their life when compared to diurnal animals. Colouration is constant for a species with a small distribution. For scorpions with wide distributions, colouration may vary from place to place. Anatomy allows the scorpion to be more successful within the context of its natural history.
Scorpions are animals of instinct, therefore scorpions of the same species will behave in the same way. This behaviour includes how they move, how they catch prey, how they defend themselves from predators, and other aspects of their life history. Behaviour is usually difficult to interpret from a photo.
Within the context of scorpion sting first response, scorpion identification is of particular value when a high risk species of scorpion is involved. However, it has to be noted that there are other alternative ways to evaluate the situation such as if the patient is in a high risk area, the existence of any red flags or evaluating the scorpion according to the venomosity rule of thumb. Note that with stings in children and animals, the scorpion is rarely seen and misdiagnosis of the symptoms is common.
With practice and patience, it is possible to identify many species of scorpion with ease using the identification traits included in this section. There are a few good books on Southern African scorpions available from your local bookshop or online store. Except for some notable high risk species of scorpion, scorpion sting first response focuses upon identifying scorpions according to the venomosity rule of thumb rather than to species.
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